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Structural and chemical analysis of process residue from biochemical conversion of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) to ethanol |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Forest & Landscape, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Keqiao Green Energy Materials Joint Laboratory, Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312030, China;1. Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d''Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8214, 91400 Orsay, France;2. Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;1. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28045, Spain;2. Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel;3. Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain;4. Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Spain;5. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Spain;1. Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;2. Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria;3. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia |
| Abstract: | Biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable carbohydrates for ethanol production is now being implemented in large-scale industrial production. Applying hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for the conversion process, a residue containing substantial amounts of lignin will be generated. So far little is known about the composition of this lignin residue which at present is mainly incinerated for heat and power generation and not yet converted so much into more valuable products.In this study, the structural and chemical composition of the solid and liquid fractions of lignin residue from wheat straw were analysed and processing factors discussed. Roughly 70 and 15% of the solid mass fraction consisted of lignin and ash, respectively. Residual carbohydrates mostly originated from hemicellulose in the liquid fraction and from cellulose in the solid fraction. The solid fraction also contained significant amounts of protein, which is a valuable by-product when used as animal feed or when enzymes and yeast cells are separated for process recycling. Silica was the dominant constituent in the mineral fraction and except for few fragments of lignified middle lamellae most particles in the solid fraction appeared as silica coated by lignin, hampering separation of the two components before incineration or refinement of the residue. |
| Keywords: | Process residue Wheat straw Lignin Silica Elemental analysis Structural analysis AFEX"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"ammonia fibre explosion DM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"dry matter EP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"enzyme protein LHV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"lower heating values ICP-OES"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy ICP-MS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry LOD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"limit of detection ATR-FTIR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared SEM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"scanning electron microscopy AFM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0135"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"atomic force microscopy SSF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0145"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"saccharification and fermentation LTWS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0155"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"lime-treated wheat straw |
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