Improved biodiesel manufacture at low temperature and short reaction time |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemical Engineering Department, College of Technological Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PO. Box 42325, Shuwaikh 70654, Kuwait;2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;3. WRK, Consulting Chemical Engineers, PO. Box 11676, Birmingham B29 7ZB, UK;1. Karunya School of Mechanical Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, India;2. Trinity College of Engineering, Trivandrum 695528, Kerala, India;1. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina;2. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE) (FIQ-UNL, CONICET), Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India;1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt;2. Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef City, Egypt;3. Department of Environment and Industrial Development, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni Suef-University, Egypt;4. Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Biodiesel, which is derived from oil/fat by transesterification with alcohol, has attracted considerable attention over the past decades due to its ability to subsidise fossil fuel derived energy as a renewable and carbon neutral fuel. Several approaches for biodiesel fuel production have been developed, among which transesterification using a catalyst gives high yields of methyl ester. This method has therefore been widely utilized for biodiesel production in a number of countries. In this study, a Downflow Liquid Contactor Reactor (DLCR) has been used for the liquid–liquid transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with alcohol with extraordinary results. The reactor provides great potential for chemical reactions, which are normally limited by mass transfer and possesses a number of distinctive advantages over conventional multiphase reactors. Inside the reactor a high velocity liquid jet stream is produced which generates powerful shear and energy, causing vigorous agitation in the upper part of the reactor. The high mixing intensity in the DLCR enabled the manufacture of biodiesel to European Standard EN14214 (ester content 96.5%) in 2.5 min at 40 °C with 0.43 wt.% alkali catalyst and alcohol to oil molar ratio of 4.5 to 1.0. The separation of FAME from glycerol is done by gravity settling only without water washing. The effect of the alcohol type (methanol, ethanol) on biodiesel yield was also investigated. The process offers the advantage of continuous large scale production with limited reactor volume. |
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