Alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of Silurus triostegus Heckel fish oil: Optimization of transesterification parameters |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Anna Bioresearch Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai 606603, India;2. Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar 626001, India;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India;4. French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Nantes 44000, France;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria;2. Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States;1. UNIOESTE–State University of West Paraná–Post-graduation Program, Master Course of Energy in Agriculture, Rua Universitária, 2069, CEP: 85.819–130 Bairro Faculdade, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil;2. FAG-Assis Gurgacz Faculty, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil;3. Department of Agricultural Sciences, UEM-State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil;1. National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., P.O. Box 194, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;2. Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucharest Blvd., 100680 Ploiesti, Romania;3. University “POLITEHNICA” of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;1. College of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China;2. Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The present work reports the production of biodiesel from Silurus triostegus Heckel fish oil (STFO) through alkaline-catalyzed transesterification by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an alkaline catalyst with methanol. Chemical and physical properties of the extracted oil were determined. It was found that STFO has a low acid value (1.90 mg KOH/g oil); hence no pre-treatment such as acid esterification is required to produce the biodiesel. The influence of the experimental parameters such as KOH concentration (0.25–1.0% w/w of oil), methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1, 6:1, 9:1 and 12:1), reaction temperature (32, 45 and 60 °C), reaction duration (30, 60, 90 and 120 min), type of the catalyst (potassium or sodium hydroxide) and step multiplicity (single- and two-step transesterification) on the yield of the biodiesel were investigated. The maximum biodiesel yield (96%) was obtained under the optimized parameters of the transesterification (KOH 0.50% w/w, 6:1 methanol to oil, at 32 °C for 60 min). The properties of the produced biodiesel were found to conform with the ASTM standard, indicating its suitability for internal combustion engines. Blending of the produced biodiesel with petro diesel with various volume percentages was investigated as well. |
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| Keywords: | Fish oil Alkaline-catalyzed transesterification Fuel properties Blending evaluation |
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