Ethanol production from agroindustrial biomass using a crude enzyme complex produced by Aspergillus niger |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan;2. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China;3. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Soil Molecular Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy;3. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Bozen, Bolzano, Italy;1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China;2. State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei 230022, China;2. Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;3. Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China;4. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;5. Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;6. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China;1. Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;2. Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP India;3. Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea;4. Institute of Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates ethanol production from simultaneous fermentation and saccharification (SFS) and separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHS) using enzyme complexes produced by Aspergillus niger strains (ATCC 16404, ATCC 1057, ATCC 9029). The enzyme complexes were produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on inexpensive and readily available agroindustrial products: rice byproduct (composed of AFEX-treated rice rust and rice bran), whey and sugarcane bagasse. The ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y904 using whey and rice byproduct as the substrate and the enzyme complex produced by A. niger. The best result for solid-state fermentation (40 U/g of dry substrate, A. niger ATCC 16404) was obtained in a 0.5 L rotating drum bioreactor at 40 °C filled half filled with solid biomass composed of rice byproduct (86% wt/wt), whey (12% wt/wt) and CaCl2 (2.0% wt/wt). The best result for ethanol fermentation (11.7 g/L of ethanol) was obtained after 12 h of SFS at pH 4.5 and 35 °C. A comparative study of ethanol production by Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768 and A. niger ATCC 16404 complexes under the same optimised SFS and SSF conditions was also performed, revealing that ethanol production by the A. niger enzyme complex was 2.25 times higher than that by T. reesei. These findings suggest that the ethanol production using crude enzymatic complexes produced by A. niger and agroindustrial biomass described in this paper is very promising in terms of disposal of the whey produced by cheese-making and other dairy food processing. |
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