Extraction of protocatechuic acid from Scutellaria barbata D. Don using supercritical carbon dioxide |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;2. Department of Environmental Engineering & Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;1. Food Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey;2. Food Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia;2. Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan;1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil;2. Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil;3. Departament of Chemistry Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil;4. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC⿿CO2), with water as a modifier, was evaluated in this study as a method to extract protocatechuic acid (PA) from Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The highest extraction yield of PA, 64.094 ± 2.756 μg/g of dry plant, was achieved at 75 °C and 27.5 MPa, with the addition of 15.6% (v/v) water as a modifier. The mean particle size was 0.355 mm, the CO2 flow rate was 2.2 mL/min (STP) and the dynamic extraction time was 100 min. At pressures of 16.2⿿30.0 MPa and temperatures of 45⿿75 °C, the mole fraction solubilities of PA in SC⿿CO2 ranged from 2.829 ÿ 10⿿7 to 9.631 ÿ 10⿿7. The solubility data for PA fit well in the Chrastil model. It is evident that the SC⿿CO2 extraction uses less solvent, saves both energy and time and is an environmentally friendly extract technology that can be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. |
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| Keywords: | Protocatechuic acid Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Ultrasound-assisted extraction Solubility HPLC |
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