Extraction of protocatechuic acid from Scutellaria barbata D. Don using supercritical carbon dioxide |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;2. Department of Environmental Engineering & Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;1. Food Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey;2. Food Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia;2. Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan;1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil;2. Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil;3. Departament of Chemistry Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil;4. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
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Abstract: | The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), with water as a modifier, was evaluated in this study as a method to extract protocatechuic acid (PA) from Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The highest extraction yield of PA, 64.094 ± 2.756 μg/g of dry plant, was achieved at 75 °C and 27.5 MPa, with the addition of 15.6% (v/v) water as a modifier. The mean particle size was 0.355 mm, the CO2 flow rate was 2.2 mL/min (STP) and the dynamic extraction time was 100 min. At pressures of 16.230.0 MPa and temperatures of 4575 °C, the mole fraction solubilities of PA in SCCO2 ranged from 2.829 ÿ 107 to 9.631 ÿ 107. The solubility data for PA fit well in the Chrastil model. It is evident that the SCCO2 extraction uses less solvent, saves both energy and time and is an environmentally friendly extract technology that can be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. |
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Keywords: | Protocatechuic acid Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Ultrasound-assisted extraction Solubility HPLC |
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