Production and detailed characterization of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin County 63202, Taiwan;2. Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | Bio-oil has been produced from palm kernel shell in a fluidized bed reactor. The process conditions were optimized and the detailed characteristics of bio-oil were carried out. The higher feeding rate and higher gas flow rate attributed to higher bio-oil yield. The maximum mass fraction of biomass (57%) converted to bio-oil at 550 °C when 2 L min?1 of gas and 10 g min?1 of biomass were fed. The bio-oil produced up to 500 °C existed in two distinct phases, while it formed one homogeneous phase when it was produced above 500 °C. The higher heating value of bio-oil produced at 550 °C was found to be 23.48 MJ kg?1. As GC–MS data shows, the area ratio of phenol is the maximum among the area ratio of identified compounds in 550 °C bio-oil. The UV–Fluorescence absorption, which is the indication of aromatic content, is also the highest in 550 °C bio-oil. |
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Keywords: | Biomass pyrolysis Bio-oil Palm kernel shell Biofuel Renewable energy |
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