Energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel production from oil derived from wastewater and wastewater sludge |
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| Affiliation: | 1. INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9;2. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, P. O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea;2. Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority, Chungbuk, 28115, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, USA;2. Department of Physics and Engineering, California State University-Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA;3. Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0425, USA;1. INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC, PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States |
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| Abstract: | It has been recognized that oils derived from microorganism and wastewater sludge are comparable replacements of traditional biodiesel production feedstock, which is energy intensive and costly. Energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are essential factors to assess the feasibility of the production. This study evaluated the energy balance and GHG emissions of biodiesel production from microbial and wastewater sludge oil. The results show that energy balance and GHG emissions of biodiesel produced from microbial oil are significantly impacted by the cultivation methods and carbon source. For phototrophic microorganism (microalgae), open pond system gives 3.6 GJ higher energy gain than photo bioreactor system in per tonne biodiesel produced. For heterotrophic microorganisms, the energy balance depends on the type of carbon source. Three carbon sources including starch, cellulose, and starch industry wastewater (SIW) used in this study showed that utilization of SIW as carbon source provided the most favorable energy balance. When oil extracted from municipal sludge is used for biodiesel production, the energy gain is up to 29.7 GJ per tonne biodiesel produced, which is higher than the energy gain per tonne of biodiesel produced from SIW cultivated microbes. GHG emissions study shows that biodiesel production from microbes or sludge oil is a net carbon dioxide capture process except when starch is used as raw material for microbial oil production, and the highest capture is around 40 tonnes carbon dioxide per tonne of biodiesel produced. |
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