单链抗体及其医学应用

基因工程抗体的研究,使人们可以通过基因重组技术获得各种新型的小分子抗体,其中单链抗体具有相对分子质量低、穿透力强、血中半衰期短、抗原结合特异性强、异原性低、容易基因操作、能在原核细胞中表达、易于大量生产等优点,并且可以用化学偶联或基因工程方法构建成与其他靶分子连接的融合蛋白,有利于药物、毒素、放射性同位素导向治疗,因此具有很大的医学应用价值。本文就单链抗体的研究进展及其医学应用作一综述。

Single Chain Fragment Variable and Its Medical Application

Along with the development of genetically engineered antibody,various novel small molecular antibodies have been prepared by gene recombination technique,of which single chain fragment variable(ScFv)shows low relative molecular mass,strong penetrating power,short half-life in blood,high antigen binding specificity and low heterology.The antibody is easy to be manipulated genetically,expressed in prokaryotic cells and produced in a large quantity.It may also be prepared into fusion proteins with other target molecules by chemical coupling or gene engineering method,which was beneficial to the target therapy of diseases with drug,toxin or radioactive isotope.These characteristics render ScFv an important value in medical application.The developments of ScFv as well as its medical application are reviewed in this paper.