节理岩体物理模拟与超声波试验研究

以三维各向异性介质弹性波方程为理论基础，给出具有不同节理面岩体的数学物理模型，将具有典型节理构造的岩体分别简化为横向各向同性和单斜各向异性介质，并得出各向异性介质中的弹性波在遇节理面发生反射、透射后沿不同传播方向的传播速度。根据上述数学物理模型制备节理岩体物理模型，相对于节理面以不同的入射角度进行超声波波速测试，试验证明，超声波波速对于物理模型中节理面的影响十分敏感，节理面的存在使弹性波传播速度重新分布，在合理布置测点的情况下，对节理面的存在及方向识别较为准确。在实际工程中，通过合理布置测点的超声波测试，可以对工程岩体中节理裂隙发育的优势方向进行判断，有效地反映岩体结构面的各向异性，为实际工程提供数据资料。

STUDY ON PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF JOINTED ROCK MASS AND ULTRASONIC EXPERIMENTS

The mathematical-physical model is established based on the elastic wave equations of three- dimensional anisotropy media. The different jointed rock masses with typical joint sets are simplified as transversely isotropic media and monoclinic anisotropic media. When the elastic waves propagate through joint sets, the elastic wave velocity in different directions can be calculated. According to the mathematical-physical model, physical model of jointed rock mass is made. The related testing system of ultrasonic velocity is set up and the ultrasonic experiments are conducted. Experimental results show that the ultrasonic velocity is sensitive to the influence of joint sets and changes a lot when propagating through joint sets. In the ultrasonic experiment on physical model of monoclinic anisotropic media, the results are much complicated than those of experiment on physical model of transversely isotropic media. If survey points are located correctly, the existence and direction of joint sets can be recognised. The relationship between the elastic wave velocity and the distribution of joint sets in physical model is analysed. In practical engineering, the dominant orientation of joint sets and rock mass anisotropy can be judged using the ultrasonic tests. The results can provide abundant data for the practical engineering.