牛心朴子草中生物碱的抑制植物病毒活性研究

牛心朴子草广泛分布于我国西北旱沙荒漠地带,笔者发现其提取物中生物碱部位对危害极大的烟草花叶病毒(TMV)具有很高的抑制活性。生物活性跟踪与色谱分离、结构鉴定确认该生物碱属于菲并吲哚里西啶,活性成份为安托芬(1)和6-羟基-2,3-二甲氧基菲并吲哚里西啶(2)。此外,还分离得到另外三种生物碱。构效关系表明氮上孤电子对和菲环对高的抗病毒活性是必要的。

Antiviral Activity of Alkaloids from Cynanchum komarovii

With the aim of searching antiviral substances to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV),alkaloid extracts from the alcohol extract of Cynanchum komarovii were isolated through gel chromatograph. 7-Demethoxytylophorine(antofine,1)was present as the primary content of the alkaloid,another four alkaloids, 6-hydroxyl-2,3-dimethoxyphenanthroindolizidine(2),7-demethoxytylophorine N-oxide(3),14-hydroxyantofine N-oxide(4)and 2,3-dimethoxy-6-(3-oxobutyl)-7,9,10,11,11a,12-hexahydrobenzo[f]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline(5)were obtained at lower levels in the extract. Among them,the known alkaloid (2) was isolated from Cynanchum komarovii for the first time. A half-leaf method was used to assess the inhibitory activity of the five alkaloids against TMV. It was found that the alkaloids 1 and 2 exhibited excellent antiviral activity and the both alkaloids were responsible for the antiviral activity of the alkaloid extracts from the alcohol extract of Cynanchum komarovii. The presence of free nitrogen in tertiary amine and phenanthrene ring were essential for high antiviral activity.