A longitudinal study of sick building syndrome among pupils in relation to microbial components in dust in schools in China |
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Authors: | Zhang Xin Zhao Zhuohui Nordquist Tobias Larsson Lennart Sebastian Aleksandra Norback Dan |
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Affiliation: | a Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, Chinab Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Swedenc Department of Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 030002 Shanghai, Chinad Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medial Microbiology, University of Lund, 22100 Lund, Sweden |
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Abstract: | There are few longitudinal studies on sick building syndrome (SBS), which include ocular, nasal, throat, and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue. We studied the associations between selected microbial components, fungal DNA, furry pet allergens, and incidence and remission of SBS symptoms in schools in Taiyuan, China. The study was based on a two-year prospective analysis in pupils (N = 1143) in a random sample of schools in China. Settled dust in the classrooms was collected by vacuum cleaning and analyzed for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), muramic acid (MuA), and ergosterol (Erg). Airborne dust was collected in Petri dishes and analyzed for cat and dog allergens and fungal DNA. The relationship between the concentration of allergens and microbial compounds and new onset of SBS was analyzed by multi-level logistic regression. The prevalence of mucosal and general symptoms was 33% and 28%, respectively, at baseline, and increased during follow-up. At baseline, 27% reported at least one symptom that improved when away from school (school-related symptoms). New onset of mucosal symptoms was negatively associated with concentration of MuA, total LPS, and shorter lengths of 3-hydroxy fatty acids from LPS, C14, C16, and C18. Onset of general symptoms was negatively associated with C18 LPS. Onset of school-related symptoms was negatively associated with C16 LPS, but positively associated with total fungal DNA. In general, bacterial compounds (LPS and MuA) seem to protect against the development of mucosal and general symptoms, but fungal exposure measured as fungal DNA could increase the incidence of school-related symptoms. |
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Keywords: | Bacteria China Dust Endotoxin Sick building syndrome School environment |
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