Salinity influences glutathione S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation responses in the Crassostrea gigas oyster exposed to diesel oil |
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Authors: | Zanette Juliano de Almeida Eduardo Alves da Silva Angela Zaccaron Guzenski João Ferreira Jaime Fernando Di Mascio Paolo Marques Maria Risoleta Freire Bainy Afonso Celso Dias |
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Affiliation: | a Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazilb Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazilc Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazild Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desenvolvimento em Aquicultura e Pesca — CEDAP, Brazile Laboratório de Moluscos Marinhos, Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazilf Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Biochemical responses in bivalve mollusks are commonly employed in environmental studies as biomarkers of aquatic contamination. The present study evaluated the possible influence of salinity (35, 25, 15 and 9 ppt) in the biomarker responses of Crassostrea gigas oysters exposed to diesel at different nominal concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mL.L− 1) using a semi-static exposure system. Salinity alone did not resulted in major changes in the gill's catalase activity (CAT), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) and lipid peroxidation levels (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA), but influenced diesel related responses. At 25 ppt salinity, but not at the other salinity levels, oysters exposed to diesel showed a strikingly positive concentration-dependent GST response. At 25 ppt and 1 mL.L− 1 diesel, the GST activity in the gills remained elevated, even after one week of depuration in clean water. The increased MDA levels in the oysters exposed to diesel comparing to control groups at 9, 15 and 35 ppt salinities suggest the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in those salinities, but not at 25 ppt salinity. The MDA quickly returned to basal levels after 24 h of depuration. CAT activity was unaltered by the treatments employed. High toxicity for 1 mL.L− 1 diesel was observed only at 35 ppt salinity, but not in the other salinities. Results from this study strongly suggest that salinity influences the diesel related biomarker responses and toxicity in C. gigas, and that some of those responses remain altered even after depuration. |
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Keywords: | Salinity Diesel Biomarkers Pollution Oxidative stress Crassostrea gigas |
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