基于数据包络模型的西部水资源利用效率及影响因素研究

选取西部地区12省市(自治区)2007—2014年面板数据,运用数据包络分析方法的SBMUndesirable超效率模型,分析了西部各省市(自治区)水资源利用效率的动态演化趋势和节能减排潜力,采用Tobit回归模型分析影响水资源利用效率的主要因素。结果表明,西部水资源利用效率整体水平不高,各省市(自治区)存在显著差异,重庆、陕西、四川用水效率相对较高,甘肃、新疆、广西用水效率偏低且呈下降趋势;节能减排方面,西部水资源利用效率提升潜力从高到低依次为农业用水、生态用水、工业用水和生活用水,新疆、甘肃、广西、贵州、青海和云南应进一步削减污水中化学需氧量排放;用水效率的影响因素方面,水资源利用效率与第二产业比重呈显著负相关关系,与污水处理率呈显著正相关关系,水资源禀赋和GDP对水资源利用效率没有显著影响。

Research on water resources utilization efficiency and factors in western China based on data envelopment model

In this study, panel data from 12 provinces and autonomous regions in western China during the period from 2007 to 2014 were selected, and the super SBM-undesirable model, which is part of the data envelopment analysis method, was used to analyze the evolution trend of water resources utilization efficiency and potential for resources saving and emissions reduction in these provinces and autonomous regions. The Tobit regression model was used to analyze the main factors influencing the utilization efficiency of water resources. The results of the study show that the overall status of water resources utilization efficiency in western China is at a low level. There are significant differences between different provinces and autonomous regions: the water resources utilization efficiency in Chongqing, Shaanxi, and Sichuan is relatively higher than in Gansu, Xinjiang, and Guangxi, where there is a declining trend. Agricultural water utilization has the greatest potential for the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency, followed by ecological water utilization, industrial water utilization, and domestic water utilization. The discharge of chemical oxygen demand(COD)in sewage in Xinjiang, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Qinghai, and Yunnan should be reduced further. In addition, the water utilization efficiency exhibits a significantly negative correlation with the proportion of secondary industry and a significantly positive correlation with the sewage treatment rate. The water resources endowment and GDP have no significant effect on the water resources utilization efficiency.