珠江重要河流底栖动物水质生物学评价

2011年和2012年调查了珠江流域66个样点的底栖动物和水化学指标,利用2011年北江11个样点和郁江17个样点的底栖动物群落和水化学指标,采用主成分分析法获得综合环境因子(主成分1和主成分2)。分析36个候选底栖动物参数与环境因子间的相关性,结合参数的分布范围,确定适于珠江流域开展河流生态系统生物学质量评价的3个底栖动物参数:双翅目百分比、刮食者百分比和BI指数,进而构建了珠江流域河流生物学质量评价的综合生物指数及评价等级(清洁、轻度污染、中度污染和重度污染)。66个样点的综合生物指数评价结果显示,珠江流域河流生物学质量以轻度至中度污染为主,占80.3%,清洁占13.6%,重度污染占有6%。研究表明,在珠江流域应用底栖动物开展中大型河流水质生物学评价具有良好的应用前景。

Bioassessment of water quality using benthic macroinvertebrates in major rivers of Pearl River Basin

Benthic macroinvertebrates and hydrochemical indices were collected from 66 sampling sites in the Pearl River Basin in the years 2011 and 2012. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities and hydrochemical indices from 11 sites of the Beijiang River and 17 sites of the Yujiang River in the year 2011 were investigated, and the integrated environmental factors(PC1 and PC2)were obtained through principle analysis. Based on analysis of the correlation between 36 candidate parameters and the environmental factors, and the distribution of the parameters, three indices applicable to bioassessment of the river ecosystem in the Pearl River Basin were determined, including the percentage of diptera taxa, the percentage of scrapers, and the biotic index(BI). Then, the integrated biotic index was determined and the grading scales were classified into non-pollution, slight pollution, moderate pollution, and heavy pollution categories. The assessment of integrated biotic indices from 66 sampling sites shows that the biological conditions of 80. 3% of the rivers had the status of slight to moderate pollution, 13. 6% of the rivers had the status of non-pollution, and 6% of the rivers had the status of heavy pollution in the Pearl River Basin. This study demonstrates the applicability of bioassessment of water quality in medium-and large-sized rivers of the Pearl River Basin using benthic macroinvertebrates.