基于无机填料复合薄膜的摩擦纳米发电机研究进展

摩擦纳米发电机(Triboelectric Nanogenerator, TENG)是一种将微小机械能转化为电能并加以收集利用的绿色能源器件, 具有活性材料种类广泛、器件结构简单以及易于集成等特点。较低的输出功率密度是目前阻碍其实际应用的主要因素之一。如何通过材料组分设计与制备提高其输出功率密度及能量转化效率, 是目前该领域研究者关注的热点问题。在摩擦纳米发电机常用的活性材料-高分子聚合物中引入功能性填料是一种简便且高效的改性方法, 不仅能够对薄膜摩擦电性能进行优化、提高输出性能, 还能够赋予其新功能, 可谓一举多得。因此, 此类复合薄膜已广泛应用于TENG领域, 例如TiO₂、SiO₂、BaTiO₃、ZnSnO₃、MoS₂、石墨烯、二维黑磷等无机填料对复合材料的性能均有不同程度的优化, TENG的输出功率密度最高提升了数十倍。本文结合国内外研究现状, 按照填料对基体材料表面性能以及电学性能优化作用两个方面进行阐述, 综述了复合材料薄膜在摩擦纳米发电机中的研究进展, 并展望了未来复合材料用于提高TENG输出性能研究的发展方向。

Progress of Inorganic Filler Based Composite Films for Triboelectric Nanogenerators

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a kind of green power source which can harvest and transform small mechanical energy into electricity. Triboelectric nanogenerators have various active materials, simple structures, and easy to integrate with other devices. However, its relatively low output power density hinders the further practical application of TENGs. How to improve the output performance of TENGs through the modification of the active triboelectric materials is one of the hottest spots. It is a facile and effective way to introduce functional fillers into polymer substrates to fabricate composite materials, which improve the triboelectricity of pristine material and bring new functions for the device. Thus, composite films are widely used in TENGs. For example, inorganic fillers like TiO₂, SiO₂, BaTiO₃, ZnSnO₃, MoS₂, r-GO sheets, and nanofibril-phosphorene have been introduced into polymers to improve the output power density of TENGs by dozens of times. Based on domestic and international research, this review introduces the applications of the composite film in TENGs. The improvements of TENGs induced by the fillers are discussed from two aspects: the surface property and electrical property. Finally, future challenges in developing composites based TENGs are prospected.