厦门市乳母膳食营养状况及变化趋势调查

目的 调查评价厦门市乳母膳食营养状况。方法 采用24 h膳食回顾法调查厦门市200例乳母产后第2天、第7天、第30天、第90天的饮食状况。参考中国食物成分表(2004)计算营养素的摄入量,并用膳食营养参考摄入量(DRIs)进行评价。结果 厦门市乳母动物性食物(奶及奶制品除外)摄入偏高,豆及豆制品、薯类、蔬菜摄入偏低；产后第2天、第7天、第30天、第90天能量平均摄入量分别为2 146.7、2 261.2、2 304.7、2 252.9 kcal,乳母蛋白质平均摄入量分别为113.5、129.1、126.3、112.5 g,脂肪的供能比分别达到32.7%、35.4%、36.9%、41.1%,碳水化合物的供能比分别达到45.4%、41.7%、40.9%、38.7%；乳母膳食纤维、钙、碘、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B₁的平均摄入量均低于营养素推荐摄入量。结论 乳母膳食结构不合理,部分营养素摄入不足,应适当调整膳食结构,保证营养均衡。

Dietary nutrition status of puerperal women in urban areas of Xiamen

Objective To investigate and assess the dietary nutrition status of puerperal women in urban areas of Xiamen. Methods 24 h dietary recall method was used to obtain the dietary status of puerperal women at postpartum 2nd,7th,30th and 90th days(n=200).The mean nutrients intakes were calculated by Chinese Food Composition(2004) and compared with DRIs. Results The intakes of animal foods(except milk) were too high, and the intake of beans, root and tubers, vegetables was too low; the energy intakes of the puerperal women at postpartum 2nd,7th,30th and 90th days were 2 146.7, 2 261.2,2 304.7,2 252.9 kcal, the protein intakes were 113.5,9.1,6.3,2.5 g, the energy from fat was 32.7%, 35.4%, 36.9%, 41.1% of the total energy, the energy from carbohydrates was 45.4%,41.7%,40.9%,38.7% of the total energy; the mean intakes of dietary fiber, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin B₁ were significantly lower than recommended nutrient intake. Conclusion The dietary pattern of puerperium women in Xiamen City was unreasonable with insufficient intake of some nutrients. No obvious differences were found on the nutrient intakes among them at four times points, and the dietary structure should be adjusted to ensure the nutritional balance of the puerperal women.