无序的新境界:高熵陶瓷

<正>人类社会的进步与发展对材料性能提出了越来越高的要求,这是激励人们探索新的材料设计理论并开发新材料体系的原动力。近年来,性能优异的新材料不断涌现,并相继成为研究热点,由高熵合金发展而来的高熵陶瓷就是典型代表之一。2004年,中国台湾清华大学叶均蔚和英国牛津大学Cantor两个课题组几乎同时提出了高熵合金(High-entropyalloys)的概念。

Non-order is the New Order:High-entropy Ceramics

The development of human society poses increasingly stringent requirements for material performances,motivating ever deeper exploration of novel design theories and material systems.Nowadays,state-of-the-art materials with excellent performances constantly emerge as research hotspots,of which high-entropy ceramics,originated from high-entropy alloys,are one typical representative.The concept of high-entropy alloys was proposed in 2004 by two independent research groups,Jien-Wei Yeh’s group at Taiwan Tsing Hua University,China,and Brian Cantor’s group at Oxford University,UK.They found that seemingly disorderly groups of alloying elements with(near)equal atomic ratios can solidify into single-phase solid solutions with a simple crystal structure such as face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,or hexagonal close-packed structure,and thus prevented the formation of intermetallic compounds,which demonstrated typical high-entropy effects.In the following years,the four core effects of high-entropy alloys were further proposed,namely the high-entropy effect in thermodynamics,the lattice distortion effect in crystallography,the sluggish diffusion effect in kinetics,and the“cocktail”effect in material performance.With enhanced structural stability,improved mechanical and functional properties,this rising star in the world of material science has evoked an upsurge of high-entropy material research.