基于马尔科夫链的电动汽车聚合建模及多模式调频控制策略

具有移动储能特性的电动汽车是一类灵活优质的需求侧资源,精确的聚合模型和合理的调控策略是其参与电网调频的基础。首先,该文构建了一种基于马尔科夫链考虑电池容量差异的电动汽车充放电负荷聚合模型,设计了拓展可调功率范围的多状态切换模式,实现了聚合模型向线性可控模型的转化;然后,结合此线性可控模型,在改进实时可调负荷功率分段方法的基础上,提出基于模型预测控制的集群电动汽车参与调频的多模式控制策略;最后,通过仿真算例对聚合模型及控制策略的有效性进行了验证,结果表明,提出的控制策略可以实时调节集群电动汽车充放电功率,避免充放电功率的相互抵消,实现了对于自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)指令的准确快速跟踪。

Aggregation Modeling Based on Markov Chain and Multi-mode Control Strategies of Aggregated Electric Vehicles for Frequency Regulation

Electric vehicles with the feature of mobile energy storage are a type of flexible and excellent demand response resources and their accurate aggregation models and proper control strategies are the basis of their participation in the frequency regulation.Firstly,an aggregation model considering the differences of the batteries'capacities is built based on the Markov Chain for charging and discharging loads of the electric vehicles.A multi-state switching control mode is devised to extend the adjustable range of power,and the aggregation model is converted into a linear controllable model.Then,combined with the linear controllable model,a segmentation method of real-time adjustable power is improved and a MPC(model predictive control)based improved multi-mode control strategy for electric vehicles to take part in frequency regulation is proposed.Finally,the effectiveness of the aggregation model and control strategy is verified by simulations,which shows that the proposed control strategy is able to adjust the power of electric vehicles in real time,avoids cancelling the power out between charging and discharging,and tracks the AGC(automatic generation control)commands accurately and quickly.