光纤传感技术在昭通山地页岩气勘探开发实践中的应用进展

光纤既是传输介质又是传感器，具有体积小、重量轻、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀和高灵敏度等先天优势，因其分布式/准分布式监测的特性而适用于油气井的多参数实时评估和动态监测。基于分布式光纤传感技术，主要介绍了分布式声波传感(DAS)和分布式温度传感(DTS)在昭通国家级示范区页岩气勘探开发中的应用进展，包括了VSP井地联采和DAS/DTS动态监测技术，系统分析了井下光纤采集处理解释的特殊性和优势。实际应用结果表明，在VSP井地联采中，相对于传统检波器接收，光纤DAS接收具有高密度、全井段等优势，可以准确地提取地层的吸收衰减系数以及井驱参数，从而有助于地面地震高精度成像；同时，由于光纤能长期布设于井中，因而可以动态监测生产井的温度和声波响应变化，进而指导页岩气的开发和生产，具有很好的应用前景。

Progress of the application of optical fiber sensing technology in shale gas exploration and development practice in the Zhaotong mountain area

Fibers are both a transmission medium and a sensor.They offer inherent advantages such as small size,light weight,anti-electromagnetic interference,corrosion resistance,and high sensitivity.Their distributed/quasi-distributed monitoring characteristics are suitable for multi-parameter real-time evaluation and dynamic monitoring of oil and gas wells.In this paper,the progress of the application of distributed acoustic wave sensing(DAS)and distributed temperature sensing(DTS)in shale gas exploration and development in the Zhaotong national demonstration area was introduced.This included VSP well-ground joint mining and DAS/DTS dynamic monitoring technology.The peculiarities and advantages of underground optical fiber acquisition and processing interpretation were systematically analyzed.Results of a practical application showed that in VSP well-ground joint production,the optical fiber DAS receiver,different from traditional geophones,offers a high acquisition density over the full well section.As such,it can accurately extract the absorption attenuation coefficient and well drive parameters of the formation and drive the high-precision imaging of ground seismic.Furthermore,optical fibers can be laid in the well for a long time to dynamically monitor the temperature and acoustic response of production wells,thereby guiding the development and production of shale gas.