同轴静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈多孔中空超细纤维

为制备较理想的多孔中空结构纤维，以聚丙烯腈/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/N, N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液作为皮层纺丝液，先后以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/N, N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液，聚氧化乙烯/ N, N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙醇溶液为芯层纺丝液，进行同轴纺丝制备复合纤维，然后分别在去离子水中经超声振荡析出水溶性高聚物，所得纤维由场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）进行表征。结果表明：以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/ N, N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液为芯层纺丝液时，同轴纺丝并经过后处理得到的纤维孔和中空结构都比较少；而以聚氧化乙烯/ N, N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液为芯层纺丝液时只能得到具有致密的多孔结构纤维；只有以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙醇溶液为芯层纺丝液时可以制备聚丙烯腈多孔中空超细纤维。

Preparation of porous hollow polyacrylonitrile ultrafine fibers by coaxial electrospinning

To obtain a perfect porous hollow fiber, ployacrylonitrile(PAN)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)／N, N-Dimethylformamide(DMF) mixture solution as sheath spinning solution, and PVP/DMF, polyoxyethylene (PEO)/DMF and PVP/ethanol (EtOH) as core spinning solution respectively, composite ultrafine fibers were prepared by co-axial electrospinning. The water-soluble polymers in the composite ultrafine fibers were removed by deionized water under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration. The obtained ultrafine fibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM). The SEM observation revealed that the morphology of ultrafine fibers was poor when PVP/DMF solution was used as the core layer; and that ultrafine fibers with porous surface structure could be produced when PEO/DMF solution was used as core layer; and that porous hollow PAN ultrafine fibers could be fabricated only when PVP/EtOH solution was used as core layer.