Effects of chlorine on the decrease of estrogenic chemicals |
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Authors: | Lee Byoung-Cheun Kamata Motoyuki Akatsuka Yasushi Takeda Makoto Ohno Koichi Kamei Tasuku Magara Yasumoto |
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Affiliation: | Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. |
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Abstract: | The effects of chlorination on the elimination of three estrogenic chemicals such as 17beta-estradiol, nonylphenol and bis-phenol A were investigated using yeast two-hybrid assay (YTA), estrogen receptor (ER) competition assay (ER-CA), and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The results of YTA, ER-CA and the analysis of LC/MS indicated that the estrogenic activity of the above-mentioned three endocrine disruptors were significantly reduced as a result of chlorination. The decrease in estrogenic activity paralleled a decrease in estrogenic chemicals under the influence of free chlorine. One common characteristic of estrogenic chemicals is the presence of a phenolic ring. Considering that a phenolic ring is likely to undergo some sort of transformation in an aqueous chlorination solution, the above-mentioned results may be applied to the rest of the estrogenic chemicals in natural waters. |
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Keywords: | Estrogenic chemicals Yeast two-hybrid assay Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry Estrogen receptor competition assay Chlorination |
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