基于生物群落多样性的高密度城区微绿地设计探讨

高密度城区的微绿地是城市人居环境的重要组成部分，是目前国内外多学科的热点研究领域和重要发展趋势。归纳了微绿地的概念，从生物群落多样性保护和利用的角度出发，探讨了服务于高密度城区的微绿地设计原则，生物群落组成上注重乡土植物和抗性植物的应用，生物群落结构上注重水平和垂直方向异质性，遵循群落生长或演替的规律进行人工管护。通过典型案例分析，认为缺乏生物群落多样性的研究是微绿地设计与建设的重要影响因素。低物种丰富度、多功能丰富度的植物配置可能更有利于高密度城区绿地效能的最大化。提出了微绿地设计应本着“小而精”的原则，而不是追求“小而全”，这样才能更好地维护微绿地的生物群落稳定陛，使其更好地为提高高密度城区生态环境的品质和宜居性服务。

Design Principles for Mini Density Urban Area Based Community Diversity Green Space in High- on the Theory of Biotic

The mini green space in high-density urban area is generally considered as an important part of urban human settlements, and is currently a hot spot and great development trends of multidisciplinary research fields. This article summarized the concept of mini green space and suggested several design principles for mini green space based on the protection and utilization of the biotic community biodiversity, such as introducing more local vegetation and resistant plants, horizontally and vertically heterogeneous community structure, and artificial management following succession pattern of biotic community. Typical case studies revealed that the lack of biotic community diversity research is one of the important factors affecting mini green space design and construction. Low species richness and more functional richness of plant configuration may be advantageous to maximize the effectiveness of green space in high-density urban settings. This paper proposed that the design should be ＂small and effective＂ instead of ＂small and abundant＂ for the better maintenance of the biotic community stability and, eventually, the improvement of the quality of ecological environment as well as the livability of the high-density urban settings.