栀子果油的生物活性成分及抗氧化活性评价

以正己烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇3种溶剂并结合超声辅助提取栀子果油,对所获得的3种粗油和乙醇提取的副产物的得率、油脂组成、生物活性成分以及自由基清除能力进行分析。在固液比(1:8)、温度(40℃)、时间(20 min)、超声强度(200 W)的条件下,乙醇提取得油率为13.26%,略低于正己烷14.86%和乙酸乙酯13.84%,副产物乙醇胶体相是乙醇提油后4℃静置分层得到的,得率为9.68%。乙醇提取栀子果油相中总生育酚含量为1.62μg/mg,是正己烷提取粗油的1.27倍;总甾醇含量为22.63μg/mg,是乙酸乙酯提取粗油的1.29倍。挥发性香草酸、丁香酸、丁香醇为乙醇提取粗油中的主要芳香成分。副产物醇溶性胶体相中检出了γ-亚麻酸(1.50%)和反式亚油酸(1.14%),而在粗油中并未检出;醇溶性胶体相DPPH、ABTS清除率的IC50值分别为0.61mg/m L和0.40 mg/mL,极显著小于粗油中的检验结果(7.60~10.3 mg/mL);通过UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS在醇溶性胶体相中初步鉴定出西红花酸及8种带糖衍生物。实验证明,用乙醇提取栀子果油气味芳香,Omega-6型油脂种类及含量丰富,生育酚、甾醇等活性物质含量更高,此外副产物中的西红花及其衍生物有很强的自由基清除能力,因此具有更高的经济价值。

Evaluation of Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Gardenia Fruit Oil

Gardenia fruit oil was extracted with hexane,ethyl acetate and ethanol combined with ultrasonic assisted extraction.The yield,oil composition,bioactive components and free radical scavenging ability of the three crude oils and ethanol extracts were analyzed.Under the same conditions that the solid-liquid ration was 1:8,the temperature was 40℃,the spending time was 20 minutes and ultrasonic intensity was 200 W,the oil yield extracted with ethanol was 13.26%,slightly lower than that of hexane(14.86%)and ethyl acetate(13.84%).The by-product ethanol colloid phase(ECP)was stratified at 4℃from ethanol extraction,and the yield was 9.68%.The total tocopherol content in the crude oil of Gardenia fruit that extracted by ethanol was 1.62μg/mg,which was 1.27 times of that obtained by n-hexane.The total sterol content was 22.63μg/mg in the crude oil extracted by ethanol,which was 1.29 times of that obtained by ethyl acetate.The main aromatic components in the crude oil extracted by ethanol were volatile vanillic acid,syringic acid,and syringol.Different from the three crude oils,γ-linolenic acid(1.50%)and trans-linoleic acid(1.14%)were detected in ECP.The IC50 values of DPPH clearance and ABTS in ECP were 0.61 mg/m L and 0.40 mg/m L,respectively,which were significantly lower than the test results in crude oil(7.62~10.31 mg/m L).In addition,crocetin and eight sugar derivatives were preliminarily identified in the ECP by the method UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS.The experimental results showed that gardenia fruit extracted with ethanol had higher economic value,for the reasons that it had sweet fragrance,rich types and higher contents of omega-6 fats,higher contents of active substances such as tocopherol and sterol,and strong free radical scavenging ability related to crocetin and its derivatives in the by-product.