高能束熔覆制备耐磨涂层技术研究现状与展望

耐磨涂层是指在材料基体表面涂覆具有高耐磨性的薄层,在保证涂层与基体之间具有足够的结合强度的同时,使基材表面达到耐磨的目的.高能束熔覆技术是一种高效、可靠的表面处理技术,在耐磨涂层的制备方面具有广阔的应用前景.从高能束熔覆技术、高能束熔覆制备耐磨涂层、耐磨涂层强化机制、耐磨涂层质量调控等四个方面,介绍了高能束熔覆制备耐磨涂层技术的研究现状.其中,在高能束熔覆技术方面,概述了以激光熔覆、等离子熔覆为代表的高能束熔覆的工作原理及特点.在高能束熔覆制备耐磨涂层研究方面,综述了Ni、Co、Fe基自熔性合金涂层及金属基复合涂层、梯度功能材料涂层的特点.在耐磨涂层强化机制方面,分析了涂层的磨损机理,同时讨论了添加硬质颗粒和元素对耐磨涂层性能的影响.在耐磨涂层质量调控方面,阐述了熔覆过程中工艺优化和数值模拟仿真对改善高能束熔覆技术成形工艺的作用.最后,总结了高能束熔覆技术在耐磨涂层制备上存在的问题,并提出了展望.

Research Status and Prospect of Wear-resistant Coating Prepared by High Power Density Beam Cladding

The wear-resistant coating refers to a thin layer with high wear resistance coated on the surface of the material substrate, while ensuring sufficient bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, so that the substrate surface achieves high wear resistance. High power density beam cladding technology is an efficient and reliable surface treatment technology, which has broad application prospects in the preparation of wear-resistant coatings. The research status of high power density beam cladding technology for the preparation of wear-resistant coatings was introduced from four aspects in this article:high power density beam cladding technology, high power density beam cladding preparation of wear-resistant coatings, strengthening mechanism of wear-resistant coatings, and quality control of wear-resistant coatings. Among them, in terms of high power density beam cladding technology, the working principle and characteristics of high power density beam cladding represented by laser cladding and plasma cladding are summarized. In the aspect of high power density beam cladding preparation of wear-resistant coatings, features of Ni-based, Co-based, Fe-based self-fluxing alloy coatings, metal-based composite coatings, and functionally graded materials coatings prepared by high power density beam cladding are reviewed. In terms of the wear-resistant coating strengthening mechanism, the wear mechanism of the coating is analyzed, the influence on the performance of wear-resistant coatings of adding hard particles and elements is discussed. In terms of quality control of wear-resistant coatings, the role of process optimization and numerical simulation in the process of cladding to improve the forming process of high power density beam cladding technology are described. At last, the problems of high power density beam cladding technology in the preparation of wear-resistant coatings are summarized and the prospect is prospected.