人类活动对辽宁双台河口湿地生态系统影响评价

以1988年、2002年和2007年遥感影像作为信息源,选择压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型作为研究方法,建立了一套湿地生态环境评价指标体系。通过选取反映压力、状态及响应等方面的指标,在GIS技术的支持下建立了湿地空间信息数据库,对研究区湿地生态环境的动态变化进行分析。结果表明:该时期研究区人为干扰压力不断加强,造成人工湿地增加,天然湿地减少。在1988—2007年期间,研究区天然湿地减少了18 257.4 hm~2,大部分转变成农田和城市、住宅、工交用地。如果按照每年912.87 hm~2的退化速度计算,目前的12.54万hm~2的天然湿地在100年以后将基本消失。特别是近20年以来,研究区湿地内部结构和状态发生显著变化,湿地景观异质性不断增加,破碎化及退化严重。湿地对于人类活动干扰的响应是湿地面积不断减少,人类对于湿地变化的响应是建立湿地保护区。研究成果可为湿地保护、恢复以及城市规划设计等提供科学依据。

Evaluation on impact from human activities on ecosystem of Shuangtaihekou Wetland in Liaoning Province

By taking the remote sensing images of 1988，2002 and 2007 as the information source，a set of wetland eco-environment evaluation system is established by selecting the pressure-state-response （PSR） model as the study tool. Furthermore，a wetland special information database is built up under the support of GIS technique through selecting the indices which reflect pressure，state and response，and then the dynamic change of the wetland eco-environment within the study area is analysed. The study result shows that the continuous intensification of the pressure from the human interferences during that period makes the artificial wetland increase and natural wetland decrease. In the period from 1988 to 2007，the natural wetland in the study area is decreased by 18 257.4 hm2，of which the most are transformed into farmland，urban land，residential land and traffic land. If calculated with the land degradation speed of 912.87 hm2/year，the natural wetland of 125 400.00 hm2 at present is to basically disappear after 100 years. Especially，the internal structure and state of the wetland within the study area are significantly changed along with the continuous increase of the landscape heterogeneity in the wetland and serious fragmentation and degradation of wetland. The response from wetland to the interferences from human activities is the continuous decrease of the area of wetland，while the response from human is the construction of wetland reserve. The study result can provide a scientific basis for wetland protection and restoration as well as urban planning，etc.