库岸滑坡涌浪首浪高度试验研究

滑坡体的几何特征以及滑坡发生的空间特征直接影响滑坡入水时涌浪的产生及其传播情况,而首浪高度是滑坡涌浪灾害评估的重要指标。为探究各滑坡特征因素对首浪高度的影响规律,使用弯曲河道型水库物理模型进行了试验研究。分析滑坡涌浪的影响因素,利用正交试验法拟定试验方案测得首浪高度数据,然后对试验结果进行方差和极差分析,再结合已有计算公式得到首浪高度的无量纲计算公式,采用多元线性回归方法分别进行线性函数、幂函数、指数函数的公式拟合,并以龚家方滑坡为例验证了公式的准确性。结果表明:河道水深和滑坡体厚度对首浪高度影响最为显著;幂函数形式的首浪高度经验公式拟合程度最好;将滑坡体形状概化为偏长形的长方体时,运用经验公式计算的结果更为准确。研究成果可供滑坡涌浪灾害治理及预防研究参考。

Experimental study on head wave height of surge caused by landslide of reservoir bank

The geometric characteristics of landslide mass and the spatial characteristics of the occurrence of landslide directlyimpact the formation and propagation of the surge when landslide body slips into water， while the height of the head wave in animportant index for assessing the disaster caused by the landslide surge. In order to explore the laws of the impacts from all thelandslide characteristic factors on the height of the head wave， an experimental study is made through a physical model for thereservoir with curved channel. In which， the impacting factors from the landslide surge are analyzed and then the data of the headwave height are measured through the experiment with the scheme worked out with the orthogonal test method; afterwards， therelevant range analysis and variance analysis are made on the experimental results and a dimensionlesscalculation formula for thehead wave height is obtained in combination with the existing formulae concerned， while the fitting of the formulae of linear func-tion， power function and exponent function is carried out， furthermore， the accuracy of the formula is verified through the actualcase of Gongjiafang Landslide. The result shows that the impacts from both the water depth of river channel and the thickness oflandslide body on the head wave height are most significance and the fitting degree of the empirical formula in form of power func-tion for the head wave height is the best. If the shape of landslide is generalized into a slightly elongated cuboid， the result fromthe calculation made with the empirical formula is more accurate. The study result can provide reference for control and preven-tion of landslide surge disaster.