海洋环境下典型金属材料腐蚀与磨损研究进展

海洋环境下金属材料的腐蚀与磨损及其复杂的交互作用是影响海洋装备可靠性和工作效率的关键因素。在概述海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀和磨损的现象及问题的基础上,分析海洋环境下典型金属腐蚀与磨损的交互作用研究进展及发展趋势,并对不锈钢、钛合金与铝合金等主要海洋环境用金属材料在不同介质下的腐蚀与磨损问题进行探讨,重点阐述海洋环境下金属腐蚀与磨损中相互促进的正交互作用和相互抑制的负交互作用机制以及它们之间的相互影响、过渡和转换等方面的研究进展。在腐蚀与磨损正、负交互作用转变的过程中,从微观角度讲,奥氏体和马氏体相的多次转变是主要影响因素;而从宏观角度看,材料的摩擦因数、载荷、运动形式等动摩擦因素和Cl-浓度、pH值、频率及外加电位等电化学因素是两类主要影响因素。对比分析多种腐蚀与磨损交互作用的计算模型,阐述利用表面技术改善金属材料防腐耐磨性能的研究进展,提出金属材料腐蚀与磨损的负交互作用机制、微生物对腐蚀与磨损交互作用的影响机制、微动磨损与腐蚀的交互作用研究以及腐蚀与磨损交互作用量的准确量化是未来的研究重点。

Research Progress on Corrosion and Wear of Typical Metal Materials under Marine Environment

Corrosion and wear of metal materials in marine environment and their complex interactions are the main factors affecting the reliability and efficiency of marine equipments.On the basis of summarizing the phenomena and problems of corrosion and wear of metal materials in marine environment,the research progress and development trend of interaction between corrosion and wear of typical metals in marine environment were analyzed,corrosion and wear problems of stainless steel,titanium alloy and aluminum alloy which are major metal materials for marine environment under different medium were also discussed,the positive interaction and negative interaction mechanism were specially emphasized among metal corrosion and wear in marine environment,as well as the research progress of their interaction,transition and conversion.In the process of conversion of positive and negative interaction between corrosion and wear,from the microcosmic perspective,the multiple transformation of austenite and martensite phases is the main influencing factor.From the macroscopic perspective,dynamic friction factors such as friction coefficient,load and motion form of the material and electrochemical factors such as Cl-concentration,pH value,frequency and applied potential are the two main influencing factors.Various calculation models of the interaction between corrosion and wear were compared and analyzed,and the research progress of using surface technology to improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of metal materials were described,it is proposed that the negative interaction mechanism between corrosion and wear of metal materials,the influence mechanism of microorganisms on the interaction between corrosion and wear,the interaction between fretting wear and corrosion,and the accurate quantification of the interaction between corrosion and wear are the future research focuses.