丰满水库运行对局地气候的影响回顾

以我国最早建成的位于松花江上游大型水电站丰满水电站为例,统计了水库周边代表性气象站1961—2009年间的温度、降水量和相对湿度等数据,分析了建库后近50年来气候要素变化趋势和特征,并与建库前8年历史文献记录进行对比,以期揭示大型水库建设对局地气候变化的影响。结果表明:丰满水库年均和季均气温呈持续上升趋势,与吉林气象站年平均气温的差值也呈明显上升趋势,冬季的平均温度升高显著;丰满水库库区内年均降水量略有减少,近库区和远库区的年降水量比值呈明显上升趋势;丰满水库运行可能对局地气候中年均最低气温产生影响,并在一定程度上促进近库区降水量增加;年均相对湿度略有减小,总体呈暖干趋势;总云量变化不明显,且水库运行对雾凇景观的影响也不明显。

Review on impact from Fengman Reservoir operation on local climate

By taking the earliestly built Fengman Hydropower Station on the upstream of Songhuajiang River as a case，the statistics on the data of temperature，precipitation and relative humidity during 1961—2009 from the representative meteorological stations around the reservoir are made，and then the variation trend and features of the climate factors in the recent 50 years after the construction of the reservoir are analyzed，which are compared with the historical recordings within 8 years before the construction of the reservoir，so as to reveal the impact from the construction of large-sized reservoir on the variation of the local climate. The result shows that both the yearly average temperature and the seasonal average temperature present continuous rising trends，while the difference to the annual average temperature from Jilin Meteorological Station shows an obvious rising trend as well. The annual average precipitation in the area of Fengman Reservoir is reduced a little bit，but the ratio between the precipitations near and far away from the reservoir area gives an obvious rising trend. The operation of Fengman Reservoir possibly impacts the lowest annual average temperature of the local climate，and then increases the precipitation near the reservoir area in a certain extent； from which the annual average humidity is reduced a little bit with a warm-dry trend generally and there is no any obvious changes of the total cloud amount，moreover，there is also no any obvious impacts from the operation of the reservoir on the rime landscape therein.