基于大数据的湿地生态系统服务价值评估

湿地生态系统服务具有显著的时空特异性和综合性特征,传统的评估手段对于准确量化及评估湿地生态系统服务价值具有较大难度。以提出湿地生态系统服务价值大数据分析方法为目标,分析湿地生态系统服务价值评估的进展及面临的挑战,探讨基于湿地观测站网和遥感技术的湿地大数据观测体系,阐述湿地生态系统服务价值评估大数据的维度分析、空间分析和属性分析方法,进而提出一种面向湿地生态系统服务价值评估的湿地维度—空间—属性大数据耦合分析框架,选取中国滨海湿地作为案例进行实证研究,总结了大数据时代湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估研究的未来方向。结果表明:湿地生态系统观测网络可获取长时间序列动态变化的数据,遥感对地观测可实现空天地一体化观测,二者结合有助于构建湿地生态大数据观测体系;我国滨海湿地生态系统服务价值为5 010.32×10~8元。研究成果可有效解决地域异质性问题,对湿地生态系统保护和管理具有参考价值。

Evaluation of wetland ecosystem services based on big data

As the wetland ecosystem service has significant spatial and temporal specificity and comprehensive characteristics，the value of it is quite difficult to be accurately quantified and assessed to the conventional assessment method. Aiming at the data analysis method of wetland ecosystem service value，both the advances and the challenges faced by the assessment of the wetland ecosystem service are analyzed and the big data wetland observation system based on the observation network and remote sensing technology is discussed herein，while the methods of the dimensional analysis，spatial analysis and attributive analysis of the big data for the assessment of the wetland ecosystem service value are described as well，thus a coupling analysis framework of the wetland dimensional-spatial-attributive big data for the assessment of the wetland ecosystem service is put forward. Furthermore，the future development trend of the study made on the assessment of the value of the wetland ecosystem service function in the big data era is prospected at last. The result shows that the wetland ecosystem observation network can be used to obtain the dynamic long time series, and remote sensing of earth observation can realize integrated observation of the earth and the sky. The combination of the two methods is helpful to construct the observation system of wetland ecological big data. The service value of coastal wetland ecosystem in China is 501.0 billion yuan. Taking the China coastal wetland as a case study for empirical research，the study result has a reference for both the protection and management of the wetland ecosystem.