浑太河流域水环境容量分配研究

为实现浑太河流域经济社会可持续发展、排污口排污权最大程度优化、工业及农业合理布局,通过区域水环境容量优化配置,分区段对浑河上游主要排污口、太子河流域生活排污口的交易情况进行优化计算,采用"排污口(直排口)—子流域(支流)—流域/干流"的分配过程对陆域、入河排污口、污染源的水环境容量总量进行分配。结果表明:(1)在考虑安全余量的情况下,对流域COD、氨氮水环境容量总量进行初次分配,分配总量分别为141 343 t、13 636 t,削减量分别占污染物应削减量的44.4%、47.7%,污染物治理总投入为2.18亿元,基本上能够实现流域污染物削减50%的控制目标。(2)通过加大污水处理厂建设力度以及污水达标处理力度进行二次削减,COD、氨氮排放总量分别为208 832 t、17 177 t,分别是流域水环境容量的1.48倍、1.26倍。(3)借助流域水量调整和下泄方式转变对流域污染物最大允许排放情况进行优化控制,得到COD、氨氮的最大允许排放量分别为158 313 t、14 796 t。重新分配后的水环境容量能够保证污染物入河后的水体浓度达标。

Study on allocation of water environmental capacity of Huntaihe River Watershed

In order to realize the sustainable economic and social development, the maximum optimization of the pollutant emission right of the sewage drain outlet and the reasonable layout of industry and agriculture of Huntaihe River Watershed, the trading situations of the main upstream sewage drain outlets of Hunhe River and the domestic sewage drain outlets in Taizihe River Watershed are optimally calculated in sections through the optimized allocation of the regional water environmental capacities, for which the allocation process of swage drain outlet ( direct drain outlet) —sub-watershed ( tributary) —watershed/mainstream is adopted for allocating the total water environmental capacities of the land areas, river sewage drain outlets and pollution sources. The result shows that: ( 1) Under the consideration of the relevant safety margin, the total water environmental capacities for both COD and ammonia nitrogen are initially allocated and the allocated total capacities are 141 343 t and 13 636 t respectively; from which the reduction amounts are 44. 4% and 47. 7% of the amounts of the pollutants those must be reduced, while the total input cost for pollutant control is 218 million yuan as well, thus the control target of reducing pollutants within the watershed by 50% is basically realized. ( 2) Through the secondary reduction made by enlarging the intensity of the construction of sewage treatment plant and the intensity of the standardized treatment of swage, the total emissions of COD and ammonia nitrogen are 208 832 t and 17 177 t, which are 1. 48 times and 1. 26 times of the total water environmental capacity of the watershed respectively. (3) By means of both the adjustment of the water amount and the transformation of the swage emission mode in the watershed, an optimized control of the maximum allowable pollutant emission is made, and then the obtained maximum allowable emissions of COD and ammonia nitrogen are 158 313 t and 14 796 t respectively. The re-allocated water environmental capacity can ensure that the water pollution concentration after pollutants flowing into river can meet the requirement of the relevant standard.