高熵合金的发展及工业应用展望

高熵合金是近十几年来出现的一类新型金属材料,通常由5种或5种以上的元素以等原子比或近等原子比构成,形成以固溶体相为主的组织结构。高熵合金概念的提出,突破了传统合金的设计理念,极大拓展了合金设计的空间。由于具有大晶格畸变、高混合熵、原子缓慢扩散和"鸡尾酒"效应等多重效应,高熵合金显示出高强度、高韧性、高硬度、异常优异的低温韧性、优异的耐腐蚀和抗辐照等独特性能。通过对高熵合金目前研究现状的系统总结,探讨了高熵合金作为一种新型结构材料在核能和石油工业等多个领域极端服役条件下的应用前景,着重分析了高熵合金在钻杆接头耐磨带、抗腐蚀套管和高性能隔水管等油气开发关键构件应用的可行性。

Perspective on industrial applications and research progress of high-entropy alloys

High-entropy alloys, which usually composed of 4 or more elements in equiatomic or near equiatomic ratio with a solid solution structures, have emerged as a new kind of metallic materials for a recent decade. The proposed philosophy of high-entropy alloys has broken through the paradigm of traditional alloy design and largely expanded the scope of alloy exploration. Meanwhile, high-entropy alloys exhibit several unique properties, such as high strength and hardness, unusual low-temperature toughness, high corrosion resistance and radiation resistance, due to the large lattice distortion, high mixing entropy, slow diffusion of atoms and cocktail effects. In this paper, we made a brief summary of the present research on high-entropy alloys, and discussed the potential applications of high-entropy alloys in extreme environments as new-emerged structural materials. In particular, the possibility of high-entropy alloys used in the key components of petroleum industries, e.g. drill pipe joint belt, bushing and high-performance riser, etc., was emphatically analyzed.