固定化微生物对石油污染土壤修复条件优化研究

探讨固定化微生物降解石油污染土壤最佳理化条件,为修复石油污染土壤提供理论依据。从几种农业废弃物中选出固定化微生物的最优载体,并以吉林前郭油田原油为降解对象,考察固定化微生物投入量、原油初始浓度、表面活性剂投加量、孔隙率、含水率、pH及营养成分含量对原油降解率的影响。秸秆为固定化微生物最佳载体。取1 500g土样进行单因素试验,投入60g原油,最优化的降解条件是添加固定化微生物50g/L,最佳环境因素是:孔隙率45%、含水率20%、pH=8,营养成分C/N=9。固定化微生物降解能力远超过游离菌降解石油污染土壤的能力,调节到最佳的土壤环境,投入一定量的固定化微生物,能够大幅提高石油污染土壤降解率。

Study on Optimization of Immobilized Microorganism on Remediation Condition of Petroleum-contaminated Soil

In order to provide sufficient basis for treatment of petroleum contaminated soil, the optimum physical and chemical conditions of soil were explored for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by immobilized microorganisms. The optimal carrier immobilized microorganism was selected from several agricultural wastes to degrade crude oil of Qianguo oil field. Effects of quantities of immobilized microbial, initial concentration of crude oil, dosage of surfactant, porosity, moisture content, pH value, and nutrient content on degradation rate of oil were examined. The results show that straw is the best carrier of immobilized microorganism, and the optimum degradation conditions include immobilized microorganism of 50 g/L, porosity of 45%, moisture content of 20%, pH value of 8, and C/N=8. The ability of immobilized microorganisms to degrade petroleum-polluted soil is far greater than that of free bacteria, and degradation efficiency of petroleum-polluted soil can be greatly improved by adjusting to the optimal soil environment and appropriate using of surfactants and immobilized microorganisms.