水量调度管理规范化建设刍议

按照加强水量统一调度的要求,探讨了推进水量调度管理规范化建设。运用政策解读、法理分析、实践归纳等方法,剖析水量调度管理规范化建设的重要性,提出了水量调度管理规范化建设的基本思路,分析了水量调度的类型及规范化建设重点。研究表明,按照水量调度目标和功能不同,水量调度可划分为常年精细化调度、重要时段精细化调度、枯水期关键性调度等三种类型。不同类型的水量调度,要求实行不同的管理模式。从水量调度的实践需求出发,水量调度规范化建设重点是确立常规调度、水量调剂、应急调度、调度监测、监督检查等制度,并处理好与防洪调度和电力调度的关系。研究建议,为开展水量调度管理规范化建设,一方面可以由水利部制定《水量调度管理办法》作为水量调度管理的一般性规定,并推动开展相关标准建设;另一方面在一些利益关系比较复杂、水量调度难度较大的河流,开展水量调度专门立法,满足特定河流水量调度管理的实际需求。

A tentative discussion on standardization construction of water amount dispatching management

In accordance with the requirement of strengthening the unified dispatching of water amount， the promotion of thestandardization construction of the water amount dispatching management is discussed herein. The importance of the standardiza-tion construction of the water amount dispatching management is analyzed by means of policy interpretation， legal analysis， prac-tice and summarization， etc. ， and then the basic idea of the standardization construction of the water amount dispatching manage-ment is put forward， while the types of water amount dispatching and the key points of the standardization construction are ana-lyzed as well. The study shows that water amount dispatching can be divided into three types， i. e. the perennial refined dispatc-hing， the key-period dispatching and the critical dispatching for dry season， on the basis of various targets and functions. Differ-ent management modes are required to be adopted for different types of water amount dispatching. From the aspect of the practicaldemand of water amount dispatching， the key point of the standardization construction of the water amount dispatching manage-ment is to establish the systems such as conventional dispatching， water amount adjustment， emergency dispatching， dispatchingmonitoring， supervision and inspection， etc. ， meanwhile， the relationship between the dispatching for flood control and the powerdispatching must be properly dealt with. It is suggested from this study that in order to carry out the standardization constructionof the water amount dispatching management， a relevant“method for water amount dispatching management”can be defined bythe Ministry of Water Ｒesources on the one hand， which is to be taken as the general rules for the water amount dispatching management， and on the other hand， the specific legislations must be carried out for those rivers with more complicated relationsamong various kinds of interests and larger difficulties from water amount dispatching， so as to meet the actual demands from thewater amount dispatching management of the specific rivers.