电动汽车热泵系统低温工况的制热性能实验研究

为研究低温时电动汽车热泵空调系统的制热性能,本文通过搭建空气源热泵空调系统实验台,实验研究了电动汽车热泵空调系统在环境温度为-10~0℃的低温工况下的制热性能,分析了压缩机转速(2000~5000 r/min)、HVAC总成进风量(300~400 m^3/h)和环境温度对该热泵系统性能的影响,最后通过推导公式,估算电动汽车在使用空调系统后的续航里程。实验结果表明:随着压缩机转速的增加,压缩机排气温度、排气压力和系统制热量均增加,而COP下降;当保持压缩机转速和环境温度不变时,HVAC总成进风量从300 m^3/h增至400 m^3/h,制热量增加约13.3%~26.0%,COP增加约0.03~0.80;在其他条件不变时,当环境温度从-10℃升至0℃,热泵空调系统的制热量增加约60.9%~71.0%,COP增加约0.51~0.63;通过公式进行计算,当环境温度为-10~0℃时,在达到相同制热量条件下,热泵空调系统可在PTC加热器的基础上使续航里程提高13.5%~20.8%。

Experimental Research on Heat Pump Heating Performance at Low Temperature for Electric Vehicles

To investigate the heating performance of an electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning system at low temperature,an experimental platform for the air source heat pump air conditioning system was set up in this study to experimentally determine the heating performance of an electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning system with ambient temperature of-10℃to 0℃.The influences of the compressor speed(2000-5000 r/min),air inlet volume(300-400 m^3/h),and ambient temperature on the performance of the system were analyzed.Finally,a formula was derived to estimate the range of the electric vehicle after using the air conditioning system.The results show that with an increase in compressor speed,the compressor discharge pressure and temperature,as well as the heat produced by the compressor,somewhat increase;however,the COP of the system decreases.When the compressor speed and ambient temperature are kept unchanged,the inlet air volume of the air conditioning box increases from 300 m^3/h to 400 m^3/h,heat production increases by 13.3%-26.0%and the COP increases by 0.03-0.80.Under other constant conditions,when the ambient temperature rises from-10℃to 0℃,the heat produced by the heat pump air-conditioning system increases by 60.9%-71.0%and the COP increases by 0.51-0.63.According to the formula,when the ambient temperature is-10℃to 0℃,the range of the heat pump air conditioning system can be improved by 13.5%-20.8%compared with the condition of same heating capacity,using a PTC heater.