滴头选型对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

以分析滴头流量对玉米生长发育及其产量的影响为目标,在石河子科学观测实验站选择郑单958开展玉米膜下滴灌试验,选择四种内镶式滴头和一种迷宫式滴头,从出苗率、株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质、产量等方面分析滴头流量对玉米生长的影响。结果表明:一周后新疆大田作物普遍采用的迷宫式2.4 L/h出流量滴灌带(L5)和内镶式1.38 L/h出流量滴灌带(L4)出苗率较高,但内镶式3.0 L/h出流量滴灌带(L1)总出苗率最高;内镶式2.4 L/h出流量滴灌带(L2)株高最高,内镶式2.0 L/h出流量滴灌带(L3)叶面积指数最高,内镶式滴灌带处理的产量均高于迷宫式滴灌带。滴灌玉米拔节期、吐丝期和成熟期整株生物量均随着滴头流量减小而呈现单峰增长趋势;L2处理产量最高,较L1增产幅度为27.29%。本试验条件下,滴头流量2.038 L/h时滴灌玉米理论产量最高为15 377.66 kg/hm~2,建议玉米膜下滴灌滴头流量选择内镶式2.0~2.4 L/h之间的滴灌带。该试验结果对干旱区发展高效农业节水灌溉具有参考价值。

Impact from selection of emitter on growth and yield of maize

By taking the impact from emitter flow rate on the growth and yield of maize as the study objective， the maize of Zhengdan 958 is selected for carrying out the experiment on the under-mulching-drip irrigation of maize in Shihezi Experimental Station for crop efficient water use， for which four kinds of insert-emitters and a kind of labyrinth emitter are selected for analyzing the impact from the flow rate of emitter on the growth of maize from the aspects of seedling rate， plant height， leaf area index， chlorophyll content， and dry matter， yield， etc. The result shows that the seedling rates from both the labyrinth emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2.4 L/h （L5） and the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 1.38 L/h （L4） widely adopted for the field corps in Xinjiang after a week are higher， however， the total seedling rate of the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 3.0 L/h （L1） is the highest， the plant height of the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2.L/h （L2） is the highest， the leaf area index of the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2.0 L/h （L3） is the highest， while all the yields from the treatment with the insert emitters are higher than those treated with the labyrinth emitter drip irrigated belts. During the jointing stage， silking stage and maturing stage of maize， the biomass of the whole plant presents an single-peak increasing trend along with the decrease of the flow rate of emitter， and then the yield from the treatment with L2 is the highest with the yield increasing amplitude of 27.29%， if compared with that treated with L1.Under the condition of this experiment， the highest theoretical yield of the drip irrigated maize is 15 377.66 kg/hm2， when the flow rate of emitter is 2.038 L/h， thus the insert drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2.0~2.4 L/h is suggested to be selected for the flow rate of the emitter for the under-mulching-drip irrigation of maize. The experiment result has an important reference value for the development of efficient agricultural water saving irrigation in arid region.