油罐维修工程通风方法

油罐维修工程危险性较大,通风换气是保证其安全的关键措施之一。作者在广泛调查和深入研究的基础上,分析了油罐维修通风的目的及要求,系统总结了油罐维修时几种通风方法的程序及其利弊。其中自然通风法不需要任何外界动力,不消耗电能,比较经济,但受自然条件制约多,通风量小,速度慢;正压通风法具有通风速度快,便于控制,作业方便等优点,但存在油气排放范围有限,易引起电气设备着火爆炸等问题;利用引流器或射流器进行负压通风不需要电,通风量大,排出的油蒸气可被喷射到高空中,可显著减少发生着火爆炸的可能性,引流器所需的压缩空气容易获得,引流设备不占用人孔,不妨碍维修作业人员工作。指出利用引流器或射流器进行负压通风是一种安全可靠、值得推广的油罐通风方法。

Ventilation Method Used for Oil Tank Maintenance

This paper analyzes the purpose and requirement of ventilation in oil tank maintenance and summarizes systematically the procedure, strong and weak points of several ventilation methods for oil tank maintenance. Among them, the natural ventilation method does not rely on any external power. It does not consume electricity and is cost saving, but is restricted by natural conditions, therefore the ventilation volume is small and the speed is slow. Positive pressure ventilation method has the advantages of high ventilation speed, easy control and convenient operation etc., but it has the disadvantages of limited extent of oil and gas exhaust as well as easier occurrences of fire and blast to electric equipment, and so on. Using draft apparatus or jet to conduct negative pressure ventilation does not need electricity, the ventilation volume is large, the exhausted oil vapor can be ejected into upper air and so reduce markedly the dangerous fire and blast. Hence it is a kind of safe and reliable ventilation method for oil tank and is worthwhile to promote.