明清时期义学的经费管理

明清时期由于商品经济的发展,社会对于民众文化普及的要求日渐增加,传统的由国家政府兴办的各级官学己经不能满足社会的需要,所以带有私人办学性质的义学日益广泛地兴办,它的出现及时补充了官办教育在普及程度上的不足。由于办学经费没有保障,所以在办学过程中出现了多种筹措经费的方法,在经费管理过程中也形成了完善的作法。义学经费来源的广泛性和完善的经费管理办法及灵活多样的运作方法也为后来私人办学提供了一些可资借鉴的程式。

The administration of fund of charity schools in the Ming and Qing periods

During the Ming and Qing periods,with the development of market economy,and the require increase for social culture popularization,charity schools with a smattering of the nature of privately funded education were increasingly established extensively.Their emergence immediately made up for the inadequacy of state-funded education in terms of popularized extent.Owing to the lack of guarantee with regard to school-running fees,there appeared a variety of ways to collect fund in the process of the establishment of charity schools.A perfect way of administration of fund also came into being.The extensiveness of the fund derivations and perfect fund administration mode,as well as a flexible operational approach,offered some useful formats for the reference of latter privately owned education.