电动汽车与电网互动的关键问题分析与展望

电动汽车与电网互动可以实现削峰填谷、参与调频、提供备用等作用，对于电网的安全经济运行和提高新能源发电消纳能力具有重要意义。围绕电动汽车与电网互动的调控技术、市场机制和基础设施这3方面的关键问题进行分析。首先，对电动汽车与电网互动的层次与目标进行了梳理；其次，对电动汽车与电网互动的集中式控制、分布式控制、分层控制策略进行了分析；再次，对电动汽车与电网互动的成本-效益、商业模式与市场机制的研究进行了总结并提出了建议；进一步讨论了电动汽车与电网互动的设施与通信技术标准的发展现状；最后，对电动汽车与电网互动的研究和应用进行了展望。

Analysis and Outlook on the Key Problems of Electric Vehicle and Power Grid Interaction

Vehicle-to-Grid （V2G） technology can provide various supports for the operation of power system, such as peak shaving, frequency regulation and reserve, etc. The realization of V2G can significantly contribute to the secure operation of power systems and facilitate the renewable energy integration. This paper primarily focuses on analyzing control technologies, market mechanisms and infrastructure issues of V2G. First, this paper analyses the architecture and control targets of V2G. Secondly, different control strategies are investigated under the centralized, distributed and hierarchical control frameworks for V2G. Thirdly, we summarize the cost-benefit, business model and market mechanism of V2G with policy recommendations and further discuss the infrastructure needed and communication standard for V2G. Finally, the future directions for V2G research and applications are briefly given.