Firing rate of the lower motoneuron and contractile properties of its muscle fibers after upper motoneuron lesion in man

We studied motor unit (MU) firing rate and contractile properties and myosin isoform composition of single muscle fibers after upper motoneuron lesion. Single-MUs and surface electromyogram (EMG) were recorded during voluntary contractions and locomotion in the paretic (P) and nonparetic (NP) tibialis anterior (TA) of 15 hemiparetics. P TA low-threshold MUs fired within the lower end of their normal range. High-threshold MUs fired below their normal range or were not recruited. Surface EMG was abnormally low and high in the P TA and NP TA, respectively. On muscle cross sections stained with histochemical methods, type I fibers represented 99.4%, 74.3% and 66.6% of NP, P, and control TA, respectively. P TA fibers expressing type I myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were smaller, weaker, and slower. In conclusion, low MU firing rate and activity in the P TA was associated with slower type I MyHC fibers, while increased activity in NP TA resulted in homogenous expression of type I MyHC.