不同施肥方式对玉米种植的影响之综合评价

本试验通过使用6种不同的肥料种植玉米来探究施肥方式对于减少农田地表径流氮磷流失作用,改善土壤结构及土壤重金属含量、提高玉米产量,增加农民经济收入的综合效益。试验结果表明:在等量氮肥情况下,化肥处理茎秆直径及穗位均处于较低水平,沼肥+生物炭处理的经济学产量与生物学产量均最高,“沼肥+生物炭”处理氮流失量最少,较化肥处理少61.24%,磷流失量较堆沤肥处理少144%;生物炭的吸附能力使土壤中Cr、Zn含量降低;不同肥料处理的利润为:“沼肥+生物炭”处理>全沼肥处理>“沼肥+化肥”处理>全化肥处理>空白处理>堆沤肥处理。通过环保指标、经济指标、生长指标综合评定,沼肥+生物炭、全沼肥以及“沼肥+化肥”3种模式最适用于星云湖流域,既可以保护流域环境、保证作物产量,还可以降低生产成本、增加农户收入。

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Maize Planting

In this experiment,six different fertilizers were used to plant maize to explore the comprehensive benefits of fertilization on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland surface runoff,improving soil structure and soil heavy metal content,increasing maize yield and increasing farmers'economic income.The results showed that under the condition of the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the stalk diameter and panicle position of chemical fertilizer treatment were all at a low level,the economic yield and biological yield of biochar treatment were the highest,and the nitrogen loss of"biochar treatment"was the lowest,61.24%less than that of chemical fertilizer treatment,and the phosphorus loss was 144%less than that of composting treatment.The adsorption capacity of biochar reduced the content of Cr and Zn in soil.The profit of different fertilizer treatment is:"biogas manure+biochar"treatment>biogas manure treatment>"biogas manure+chemical fertilizer"treatment>chemical fertilizer treatment>blank treatment>pile composting treatment.Through the comprehensive assessment of environmental indicators,economic indicators,growth indicators and impact factors,the three models of biogas manure+biochar,biogas manure and"biogas manure+chemical fertilizer"are most suitable for the Xingyunhe lake basin,which can not only protect the basin environment and ensure crop yield,also reduce production costs and increase farmers'income.