Fundamental scientific aspects of lithium batteries (Ⅷ)----Anode electrode materials

Successful commercialization of lithium ion batteries originated from the development of petroleum coke based anode materials by SONY in 1991. Anode materials play a key role in the progress of lithium ion batteries. Up to now,carbon, lithium titanate and alloy anode materials have been commercialized. Li-ion batteries using conventional carbon anode materials can more or less meet the requirements of consumer electronics, electric vehicles and large scale energy storage applications. Lithium titanate anodes can meet high power density applications such as electric buses, whereas the use of alloy anodes can further improve the energy density of Li-ion batteries. In this paper, we summarize briefly the characteristics of anode materials that have been commercialized and widely used, and discuss developments of next generation anode materials.