木结构古建筑结构特性的实验研究

中国古建筑是中华文明的重要组成部分,其影响远及日本、韩国。其中最具中国特 色、数量最多的当属木结构古建筑。随着时间的延续,对这类历史文物的保护日益迫切。为 了对木结构古建筑的结构特性有准确的把握,为研究和维修保护提供依据,本文通过对具有 一定代表性的西安北门箭楼的现场脉动试验和激振实验获得了大量第一手资料如结构的自振 频率以及结构整体的振动模态。通过有机玻璃模型及木模型的多点激振实验验证了实测结果, 建立了适合这类结构的实验方法,获得了有关结构动力特性的更为详尽的信息。通过对实验 结果的讨论,获得了木结构古建筑的基本动力学特征。在本文的姊妹篇,即本研究的第二部 分中,结合实验结果及结构特点,建立了针对木结构古建筑的结构模型和分析方法,编制了 考虑斗栱和榫卯等半刚性节点的三维有限元分析程序,并对西安北门箭楼作了详细研究。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TIMBER ARCHITECTURES

There is an urgent requisite on the preservation of Chinese ancient architectures, since environmental and time impacts have been abating their structural resistance capability. In order to provide the basic characteristics of the timber structures as fundamental information for preservation on-site measurements and model tests were conducted on the front tower over Xi'an City Wall. Many valuable data and information were obtained, such as the vibration modes of the structure. In this paper, the experimental results are discussed in detail. In the forthcoming companion paper, numerical analysis will be conducted.