塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的地震响应特征及预测

塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞系统主要是由多期多旋回溶蚀、成岩和构造破裂作用形成的有成因联系的有效缝、洞及其所连通的孔、洞、缝构成的网络状储集体;缝洞系统的发育程度和规模是奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏和稳产、高产关键。目前的地震技术方法难以检测和识别单个较小的孔洞缝,但由诸多孔洞缝组成的一定规模的缝洞系统是可以有效检测和预测,且地震波的动力学参数对识别和检测缝洞系统较运动学属性参数更为敏感可靠。缝洞系统的检测可以利用相干体分析、振幅属性、多尺度裂缝检测、频率差异分析和波阻抗反演等技术进行优化组合,但不同地区、不同成因、不同规模的缝洞系统需利用不同的方法技术组合去表征。

Seismic response characteristics and prediction of carbonate rock fractured-vuggy systems in the Tarim Basin

The fractured-vuggy system of the Ordovician carbonate in Tarim Basin is defined as network-like reservoirs composed of effective fractures and vugs formed by multistage and multicycle of dissolutions,diagenesis, and fracturing.Generally,the scale and extension of fractured-vuggy system is critical to hydrocarbon accumulation in the Ordovician and stable and high production from Ordovician reservoirs.The present seismic technologies are still insufficient in detecting and distinguishing single small fractures or rugs.However,larger fracturedvuggy system consisted of many fractures and vuggies can be effectively detected and predicted,especially with the help of seismic wave dynamic parameters,which are much reliable than kinematics parameters.The detection of fractured-vuggy system can be achieved through integration of the following techniques:coherence analysis, amplitude attributes,multi-scale fracture detection,frequency difference analysis(FDA),and wave impendence inversion.However,fractured-vuggy systems of different origins and sizes in different areas require different combinations of these techniques and methods.