地下转露天矿山复杂采空区探测工程实践

在地下转露天矿山开采过程中，露天境界内存在的各种复杂采空区对矿山的安全生产造成严重的威胁。通过现场勘察和文献资料分析总结了各种复杂采空区的组成，并按照其成因、形态等特征因素对其进行合理分类，归纳出规划开采形成的采空区、古代开采和非法盗采形成的采空区、充填不充分或充填体沉降形成的采空区以及二次垮塌形成的采空区4种类型。同时结合工程现场实例介绍了利用GPR法对地下转露天开采矿山境界内典型的浅地表复杂采空区进行探测的原理和技术方法，包括现场数据采集、后期数据一体化实时处理和资料可视化解译分析。结果表明，利用GPR法探测地下转露天开采过程中赋存的复杂采空区方便快捷且探测效果明显，值得在相关领域应用推广。

A Case of Complex Goaf Detection during Transition from Underground to Open-pit Mining

The existence of various complex goaf in the open-pit mining realm poses a grave threat to the safety of operation in the mining converted from underground to open-pit.The composition of these various complex goaf were studied and summarized through in-situ measurement and literature data in this paper，and introduces the principles and techniques from which the GPR (ground penetrating radar) was used to detect shallow complex goaf in the open-pit mining realm including data acquisition，processing and explanations.Utilizing GPR had obviously been effective for this specific project to detect shallow complex goaf in the mining converted from underground to open-pit.Thus the GPR can be equally useful and worthy to be applied and popularized in related fields.