Volatiles from mandibular glands of male beewolves (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae,Philanthus) and their possible roles |
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| Authors: | J O Schmidt K M O'Neill H M Fales C A McDaniel R W Howard |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Carl Hay den Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Road, 85719 Tucson, Arizona;(2) Department of Zoology and Entomology, Colorado State University, 80523 Fort Collins, Colorado;(3) Laboratory of Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 20205 Bethesda, Maryland;(4) USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Box 2008 GMF, 39503 Gulfport, Mississippi;(5) U.S. Grain Marketing Res. Lab, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave, 66502 Manhattan, Kansas |
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| Abstract: | Observations of wasp behavior indicate that male beewolves,Philanthus basilaris andP. bicinctus apply a  marking pheromone to the leaves and stems of plants within their territories. We now provide direct evidence for the presence of volatile chemicals in the paired mandibular glands of the males, provide preliminary identification of these volatiles, and show that all of the volatile chemicals in the mandibular glands are present on freshly marked plant surfaces but are absent from unmarked plants. Pyrazines, which have been reported in other species of aculeate wasps including the EuropeanPhilanthus triangulum, were not found inP. basilaris orP. bicinctus. |
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| Keywords: | Philantus beewolf Sphecidae Hymenoptera pheromones scentmarking tridecanone pentadecanone heptadecanone hexadecanoic acid ethyl hexadecanoate octadecanoic acid ethyl octadecanoate mandibular glands wasps |
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