基于蚁群算法的WSN多路径负载均衡路由

为使无线传感器网络节点能量消耗相对均衡，在定向扩散路由算法的基础上，结合蚁群算法，提出一种多路径负载均衡路由算法。该算法利用蚁群的自适应和动态寻优能力，在源节点和目的节点之间搜索建立多条传输路径，并将节点剩余能量引入启发因子，均衡节点能量消耗。同时，运用层次分析法，赋予每条路径一定的负载分配比例，使数据总能在链路性能较优的多路径中均衡传输，延长整个网络的生命期。仿真结果表明，与定向扩散路由算法相比，该算法能够均衡节点能耗，有效延长网络寿命。

Multipath Routing with Load Balancing Based on Ant Colony Algorithm in WSN

Due to the characteristic of energy constrained,it is vital to balance the energy of nodes in Wireless Sensor Network（WSN）.Multipath Routing with Load Balancing（MRLB） based on Ant Colony Algorithm（ACA） is proposed.The algorithm utilizes self-adaptability and dynamic optimization capabilities of the ant colony to establish multiple paths from the source node to the destination node.It takes residual energy of the node into heuristic factor,balancing energy consumption of the nodes.A load balancing scheme is proposed to distribute the traffic over the multiple paths discovered.The scheme applies Analytical Hierarchy Process（AHP）,which gives each path a certain percentage of load distribution.It makes transmission on multiple paths equilibrium,which extends lifetime of the entire network.Simulation results show the algorithm balances energy consumption of nodes and extends network lifetime effectively.