河流健康的概念及指标体系和评价方法

指出健康河流不但应当具有健康的生态系统,还应具有良好的社会服务功能;与生态河道和景观河道相比,健康河流兼有生态河道和景观河道的有益特征,具有更广泛的适用性;河流健康评价指标应当具备易于理解、便于定性或定量描述、便于监测、便于作为管理目标和拟定相应对策等特点。以此为依据,提出包括流量偏离率、水质综合污染指数、底栖大型无脊椎动物生物完整性指数、河流廊道连通性、河道稳定性、栖息地质量、缓冲带宽度、林草覆盖度、河流美景度和实际防洪能力等指标的河流健康评价指标体系及评价方法。

Concept of river health and index system for its evaluation

A healthy river should have an integrated ecological system as well as sound social service functions.With the beneficial characteristics of both ecological river and scene river,the healthy river is of a wide range of application.It is considered that the evaluation indexes for river health should have such characteristics as easy to be understood,qualitatively and quantitatively described,monitored,and taken as management objectives,and they should be convenient for formation of restoration strategies.Thus,an evaluation index system for healthy rivers,including the flow deviation rate,comprehensive pollution index of water quality,biotic integrity index of benthic macroinvertebrates,longitudinal continuity of river corridors,stability of riverbed and banks,condition of physical habitat,width of riparian vegetated buffer strips,total forest and grass cover,scenic beauty of river,and practical flood control capacity,was worked out,and corresponding methods for river health evaluation were put forward.