世界自然遗产云南三江并流保护区存在的问题和保护对策

云南三江并流保护区位于云南省西北部境内,由8个保护区的地理片区组成,占地1 700 000 hm2。三江并流是因亚洲的3条大江——金沙江(下游为长江)、澜沧江(下游为境外的湄公河)和怒江(下游为萨尔温江)而得名。这一遗产地包括云南丽江地区、迪庆藏族自治州和怒江傈僳族自治州。它拥有蔚为壮观的自然景观,包括雪山、冰川、峡谷、湖泊、森林、草甸和湿地。其他一些突出的地质地貌还有高山喀斯特和高山丹霞地貌。2003年,云南三江并流保护区被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》。在这一地区还拥有许多名胜古迹。本文对这遗产地的自然、文化和非物质文化遗产资源进行了整合。本文指出了遗产地存在的问题,诸如地震、泥石流、滑坡、生态危机、温室效应、气候变暖、冰川消融、水土流失、水电开发、采矿、筑路、旅游开发等。本文还提出了相关保护对策,包括科学管理机制、分区保护、自然灾害监测系统、生物多样性保护、文化景观保护、管理人才培养、生态旅游规划等的建立和实施。

ISSUES AND APPROACHES OF THE THREE PARALLEL RIVERS YUNNAN PROTECTED AREAS OF THE WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE

Situated in the north-west of Yunnan Province, the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas are made up of eight geographical clusters, covering 1.7 million hectares. This site, named after Asia’s three big rivers, the Jinsha river (Yangtze), Lancang river (Mekong) and Nujiang river (Salween), includes Lijiang area, Diqing Prefecture and Nujiang Prefecture in administration, and holds the spectacular natural landscapes, including snow mountains, glaciers, gorges, lakes, forests, grasslands and wetlands, and other outstanding scenic landforms such as alpine karst and the alpine Danxia terrains. In 2003, the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas were inscribed in the World Heritage List by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. This paper integrates the natural, cultural and intangible cultural heritage resources. There are some issues in earthquakes, mudflow, landslide, ecological crisis, greenhouse effect, climate warming, glacier melting, water and soil erosion, hydropower development, mining, road construction, tourism development, etc. The paper presents relevant conservation strategies to the heritage site, including establishment and implementation of scientific management mechanism, zoning protection, natural disaster monitoring system, ecotourism planning, etc.