叶轮零件的五轴数控制造质量与关键技术研究

叶轮叶面的制造质量直接影响其运行的效率、性能、流体动力稳定性、工作可靠性和使用寿命等.从具体叶轮零件结构与工艺性分析人手,通过叶轮叶面的三维建模和加工程序调试、仿真分析与刀具轨迹验证,研究叶轮数控加工策略和加工关键技术.经过分析叶轮零件的加工质量,明确了控制插补弦长、插补周期和进给速度、刀轨残留误差,可以控制五轴数控加工的误差,保证制造质量.以叶面造型的轴向截线为加工依据,解决了刀具切削间隔的计算和刀路轨迹的求解,并进行了仿真分析.实践证明:采用五轴数控加工中心对叶面进行截面法加工,避免了加工干涉,容易实现曲面间的光滑走刀,提高了叶片的加工效率和质量,降低了加工成本.

Research on Five-axis CNC Manufacturing Quality and Key Technologies for Impeller Parts

The manufacturing quality of leaf surface of impeller directly affects the operation efficiency,performance,fluid power stability,reliability and service life.From the start of the specific structure and process analysis of the impeller,the processing strategies and key technologies of the impeller leaves were discussed through three-dimensional modeling,processing program debugging,simulation analysis,tool path verification and tool path optimization.Through analyzing the impeller machining quality,it was specified that through controlling interpolation chord,interpolation cycle,feed rate and residual error of tool path,the error of the five-axis CNC machining could be controlled to ensure manufacturing quality.Taking the axial transversal of the impeller model as example,the calculation of cutting tool spacing and solution of the tool path were solved,and simulation analysis was made.Practice shows that using five-axis CNC machining centers to process leaves by section method,processing interference is avoided,smooth surface between the tool paths is easy to implement,processing efficiency and quality are improved and the processing cost is reduced.