中国天然气质量与计量技术建设现状与展望

天然气贸易过程中的质量和计量越来越受到政府和社会各界的高度关注,合格的质量、准确的计量直接关系到国家、企业及消费者利益。为此,从分析ISO 13686《天然气质量指标》和OIML/R140《气体燃料计量系统》入手,提炼出天然气质量和计量的核心要求及主体技术。同时介绍了GB 17820《天然气》和GB/T 18603《天然气计量系统技术要求》这两个核心标准,以及配套的测试技术与方法等;指出了新形势下我国在量传溯源体系、分析测试技术、流量量值比对、流量检测等所面临的挑战;并就推动实施天然气能量计量、积极推进参加国际能力验证和国际关键循环比对、提高我国装备自主化水平、进一步完善标准体系、主导制订和修订国际标准、完善测量技术等进行了展望。通过对天然气质量控制和计量技术的科技攻关,加强标准化跟踪、研究和制修订等,保证了我国天然气贸易计量的准确可靠和公平公正,并为我国计量方式由体积计量向能量计量发展提供了有力的技术支撑。

Status and prospect of natural gas quality and metering measurement technologies in China

Quality and measurement during natural gas trade have already aroused government and public concern in China because acceptable quality and accurate metering is directly related to the profits of a country, an enterprise, and a consumer. Therefore, by analyzing ISO 13686 Natural Gas Quality Designation and OIML/R140 Gas Fuels Metering System, we extracted the core requirements and main technologies for natural gas quality and metering. Also, we introduced regularly used gas measuring technologies and methodologies as well as the two main important standards in China: GB 17820 Natural Gas and GB/T 18603 Technical Requirements for Natural Gas Metering System. Then, we pointed out that many challenges still exist in the traceability and transferring chain, analysis and measurement techniques, flow volume comparison, flow detection, and so on, and presented the following proposals for enhancing the natural gas quality and metering to a high level such as implementing natural gas energy measurement, enhancing the international capacity identifying and key round comparisons, increasing the automation level of the employed apparatus and instruments, perfecting the standard system, leading drafting and revising international standards, and improving the analysis and measurement techniques. We should focus on tackling those bottlenecking problems in natural gas quality control and metering technologies and keeping on tracking, studying, formulating and revising the related standards in order to ensure the justice and reliability in natural gas trade in China and provide a robust technical support for China to transfer from volume metering to energy measuring.